Cata energie se economiseste cu trecerea la ORA DE IARNA. Care este legislatia UE privind ORA EXACTA

Expertii Departamentului de Energie din SUA au studiat impactul “Daylight Saving Time” (denumirea orei exacte de vara/iarna) cu privire la consumul de energie in Statele Unite. Ei au constatat ca a fost economisit un procent de 0,5 la suta din totalul de energie electrica, consumat zilnic. Desi procentul nu pare spectaculos, totusi economiile de energie electrica sunt de 1,3 miliarde de kilowati/ora – echivalentul cantitatii de energie electrica utilizata de mai mult de 100.000 de gospodarii pentru un an intreg.

Romania trece la ORA DE IARNA 2014 in noaptea de 25/26 octombrie. Vezi ce efecte neasteptate are noua ora exacta

Ora de iarna este ora exacta „standard” a planetei. Ora de vara a fost introdusa pentru a se economisi energie electrica si pentru a-i ajuta pe agricultori sa beneficieze cat mai mult de lumina naturala.

Uniunea Europeana a legiferat* o „perioada de vara” la nivelul tarilor componente. Astfel, ora de vara este activa din ultima duminica a lunii martie pana in ultima duminica din octombrie. Exceptie face Islanda, care  adopta acelasi fus orar pe tot parcursul anului, si nu se schimba ceasurile pentru ora de vara.

Articolul 1
In sensul prezentei directive, „orar de vara” inseamna perioada din an in timpul careia ceasul se da inainte cu 60 de minute, comparativ cu restul anului.

Articolul 2
Incepand cu anul 2002, orarul de vara incepe, in fiecare stat membru, la 01:00, Greenwich Mean Time, in ultima duminica din martie.

Articolul 3
Incepand cu anul 2002, orarul de vara se incheie, in fiecare stat membru, la 01:00, Greenwich Mean Time, in ultima duminica din octombrie.

Ora exacta de iarna si efectul luminii asupra oamenilor

Conform Conventiei Fusurilor Orare, ceasurile arata pentru fiecare punct de pe Pamant acelasi minut si aceeasi secunda, iar diferentele dintre ore sunt date de faptul ca, la fiecare 15 grade longitudine apare o ora in plus. Numerotarea acestor fusuri incepe de la meridianul de origine, care trece prin localitatea Greenwich (Marea Britanie), in sens pozitiv catre est. Astfel, pentru Europa, ora Europei Occidentale este ora fusului orar 0, a Europei Centrale – ora fusului orar 1 si a Europei Orientale – ora fusului orar 2. Romania se afla in fusul orar 2, iar perioada dintre lunile octombrie si martie (cea a lunilor de iarna) este denumita „timpul legal roman”.

Conventia a fost semnata de Romania in anul 1979, iar in 1997, prin ordonanta guvernamentala, orarul de vara a fost din nou corelat cu cel practicat in tarile Uniunii Europene. In 1996, tinand cont de avantajele decalarii orarului cu o ora vara, pentru a profita la maximum de orele de lumina, acest orar a fost prelungit in Europa cu inca o luna.

Pe 30 aprilie 1916, Germania si aliatii sai din Primul Razboi Mondial au fost primele tari care au folosit ora de vara, pentru a face economie la carbune. Marea Britanie, aliatii sai si multe tari europene neutre au adoptat si ele ora de vara in 1916.

*THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 95 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission(1),
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee(2),
Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty(3),
Whereas:

(1) The eighth Directive, 97/44/EC, of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements(4) introduced a common date and time in all Member States, for the beginning and end of summer time in 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001.

(2) Given that the Member States apply summer-time arrangements, it is important for the functioning of the internal market that a common date and time for the beginning and end of the summer-time period be fixed throughout the Community.

(3) Since the summer-time period considered most appropriate by the Member States runs from the end of March to the end of October, it is appropriate that that period therefore be maintained.

(4) The proper functioning of certain sectors, not only transport and communications, but also other sectors of industry, requires stable, long-term planning. Provisions concerning summer time should therefore be laid down for an unspecified period. Article 4 of Directive 97/44/EC provides, in that respect, that the European Parliament and the Council are to adopt, by 1 January 2001, the arrangements to apply from 2002 onwards.

(5) For reasons of clarity and accuracy of information, a timetable for the implementation of the summer-time period for the following five years should be published every five years.

(6) Implementation of this Directive should, moreover, be monitored by means of a report, to be presented by the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee, on the impact of these provisions in all of the areas concerned. That report should be based on the information made available to the Commission by the Member States in sufficient time to enable the report to be presented at the specified time.

(7) Given that the complete harmonisation of the timetable for the summer-time period with a view to facilitating transport and communications cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States and can therefore be better achieved at Community level, the Community may take measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty. This Directive does not go beyond what is necessary to achieve those objectives.

(8) For geographical reasons, the common summer-time arrangements should not apply to the overseas territories of the Member States,

HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:

Article 1
For the purposes of this Directive „summer-time period” shall mean the period of the year during which clocks are put forward by 60 minutes compared with the rest of the year.

Article 2
From 2002 onwards, the summer-time period shall begin, in every Member State, at 1.00 a.m., Greenwich Mean Time, on the last Sunday in March.

Article 3
From 2002 onwards, the summer-time period shall end, in every Member State, at 1.00 a.m., Greenwich Mean Time, on the last Sunday in October.

Article 4
The Commission shall publish a communication in the Official Journal of the European Communities(5), for the first time on the occasion of the publication of this Directive, and every five years thereafter, containing the timetable showing the dates on which the summer-time period will begin and end for the following five years.

Article 5
The Commission shall report to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee on the impact of the provisions of this Directive on the sectors concerned by 31 December 2007 at the latest.
That report shall be drawn up on the basis of the information made available to the Commission by each Member State by 30 April 2007 at the latest.
The Commission shall, if necessary and following the conclusions of the report, make appropriate proposals.

Article 6
This Directive shall not apply to the overseas territories of the Member States.

Article 7
Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive by 31 December 2001 at the latest. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
When Member States adopt those measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such a reference on the occasion of their official publication. Member States shall determine how such reference is to be made.

Article 8
This Directive shall enter into force on the day of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.

Article 9
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.